| | English verbs have five basic forms: the base form, the - S form, the - ing form, the past form, and the past participle form: | 1. | | the base (or simple) form For all verbs except BE, the base form is the verb with "no special ending" (no - s, - ing, - ed, etc.). | | | | | | 2. | | the - S (or third-person singular, present tense) form For BE, this form is is and for have, it's has. For other verbs, the - S form is the verb + - s or - es. Note: For some verbs enging in y, y --> - i + es. | | | | | | 3. | | the - ing (or present participle) form For many verbs, this form is the verb + - ing. For some verbs, the last consonant must be doubled in order to form the -ing form correctly.
For verbs which end in a consonant + -e, the -e is dropped. | | | | | | 4. | | the past form For many verbs (regular verbs), this form is the verb + - d or - ed; for some verbs ending in y, y --> i + ed. For many other verbs (irregular verbs), the past form may resemble the base form with "internal changes" (for example, do / did; took / take; see / saw) or be the same as the base form (for example, cut / cut; cost / cost; put / put).
In a few cases, the past form may look quite different from the base form (for example, go / went and buy / bought). | | | | | | 5. | | the past participle form For regular verbs, this form is the same as the past form. For irregular verbs, this form often has "internal changes" (for example, do / did / done; go / went / gone; see / saw / seen), but the past participle may be the same as the base form and / or the past form (for example, cost / cost / cost; set / set / set; pay / paid / paid; sell / sold / sold). | | | | ____________________________________ |
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